What to Consider Before Buying a Psychology Textbook

What to Consider Before Buying a Psychology Textbook Student Resources Print What to Consider Before Buying a Psychology Textbook A few great ways to save money on textbooks for your psychology classes By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on June 24, 2019 Commercial Eye / Getty Images More in Student Resources APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Careers Buying textbooks for your psychology courses can be very expensive, with some texts costing hundreds of dollars each. While you certainly cannot eliminate this expense, there are a few questions you can ask yourself at the start of each semester to help control your textbook budget. Before you buy a psychology textbook, ask yourself these important questions: Do You Plan to Keep the Book After the Completion of the Course? If you are majoring in psychology, keeping all of your course textbooks can be a great idea, especially if you plan to attend graduate school in psychology. As you advance in your academic pursuit of psychology, you may frequently find yourself referring back to texts from previous courses. When it is time to take the GRE psychology subject test, you will have a handy library to study in preparation for the exam. If you do plan to keep your book at the end of the course, look for a new copy of the text or a used copy that is in great condition. Are Used Copies Available? Purchasing used copies of your psychology textbooks is a great way to save money each semester. Used books are generally much more affordable than new books, but it is important to carefully inspect your copy to ensure that it is in reasonably good condition. A textbook that has pages missing or is filled with highlighting and notes can make studying very difficult. Fortunately, many used copies are still in like new condition, which makes this a great option for cost-conscious psychology students. Will You Really Use the Psychology Textbook for the Course? While a book may be listed on the required reading list, it does not necessarily mean that the professor will actually use the book as part of course lectures, discussions or exams. If you are not sure if the textbook will actually be required, wait until the first day of class when you can look at the class syllabus to see if the schedule includes assigned readings from the book. Consider asking other students who have already taken the class about whether they actually used the book in the class. Can You Afford to Buy the Book? If the required psychology textbook is simply out of your budget, there are other ways that you can acquire the text. Consider borrowing the book from another student who has already finished the course. It might also be possible to share the textbook with another student in the class, but youll need to be careful to work out a schedule that allows both of you plenty of time to read and study. If all else fails, talk to your instructor. Many college faculty members have access to multiple copies of the book, so they might even be willing to loan you a copy for the duration of the class. Is It Required or Supplementary Reading? Many psychology courses include both required reading as well as supplementary reading. These supplementary texts are intended to deepen your knowledge of the subject matter, but they are not necessary to actually pass the course. If you can afford it, buying the additional books can be a great way to learn more about the topic. However, you shouldnt feel pressured to buy these books if they are are outside of your budget. If you do choose to buy them, consider looking for used copies as a way to reduce costs.

How We Can Help To End World Hunger - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1386 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/05/29 Category Science Essay Level High school Tags: World Hunger Essay Did you like this example? Millions of individuals are consistently affected by global problems of overwhelming proportions. One of the most prevalent issues among global citizens is world hunger. Individuals are living hungry, undernourished lives because the proper nutrients to sustain a healthy lifestyle is nonexistent. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How We Can Help To End World Hunger" essay for you Create order However, there are global organizations that focus on ending world hunger and one of the most influential organizations is The Hunger Project. The Hunger Project addresses that Today there are 821 million people who are chronically undernourished (Know Your World). Each year the number of people who are starving is steadily inclining and it needs to be stopped. Not only are organizations helping to create change to this issue, but history proves that a single individual can impact this issue for the better and may even change the world. Mary Ellen McNish is one of the extraordinary individuals who is inspiring others and committed to ending world hunger. McNish is the CEO and president of The Hunger Project, and she travels the world to bring awareness and change to this issue. Mary has a passion for helping the malnourished, but this does not mean that no-one else can help. Every human being can and should contribute to help change this worldly issue just like Mary Ellen McNish. To continue, world hunger is prevalent on a global scale. To the present day, there are still millions of individuals who are without food and are severely hungry. However, having the proper nutrients and adequate amounts of food are both necessities that every living soul needs to survive and keep a healthy lifestyle. According to an article published by World Food Program USA, Ending hunger and malnutrition is one of the greatest challenges of our time, but itrs solvable. In a world where enough food exists to feed everyone, zero hunger is at our fingertips (Problems of Hunger). There are countries with more than half of its population who are starving including, Burundi, Ethiopia, Zambia and more. Surprisingly enough, the world produces plenty of amounts of food to feed the planet, but it may not be affordable for some individuals, or it just goes to waste. A Journal of Sustainable Agriculture states, According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the world produces more than 1/2 times enough food to feed everyone on the planet. Thatrs already enough to feed 10 billion people, the worldrs 2050 population projected population peak (595). It is important to comprehend that hunger is caused by poverty but not scarcity of food. World hunger can stem from many causes including poverty, climate change, and food shortages. The list can go on and on. World hunger is detrimental to millions of individuals livelihood, and it must be eliminated. However, on the bright side, there are organizations and individuals who are constantly helping to create change in this worldwide issue. To follow up, The CEO of The Hunger Project, Mary Ellen McNish, is continuing to impact the world by helping end world hunger. Mary became the CEO and president of The Hunger Project in 2010. Before this organization announced McNish to be the next CEO and president, McNish worked as the General Secretary of the American Friends Service Committee. To say the least, helping others is her passion, and it is what she was born to do. The Hunger Project has a global mission stating, To end hunger and poverty by pioneering sustainable, grassroots, women-centered strategies and advocating for their widespread adoption in countries throughout the world (The Hunger Project). This organization has given Mary McNish multiple opportunities to follow through with her passion for feeding those who are starving. McNish gets the chance to travel the world to places including Africa, Asia, and Latin-America. In Africa, for example, Mary with many others who are part of The Hunger Project work together to create epicenters which bring the community together to carry out ideas that will meet the basic needs of the community. McNish gets to travel to different countries where people are in need of the most help. While she travels to different countries she gets to meet new people, hear their stories and struggles and figure out how to help them. McNish put her tenacity into this organization and passionately believes The Hunger Project can end world hunger. In Mary Ellenrs words, Ending world hunger is a project on one hand but its an opportunity on the other and I think itrs only a matter of time (Interview with Mary Ellen McNish). Mary Ellen McNish is positively impacting world hunger one step at a time. Furthermore, individuals who have a passion for ending world hunger should not be the only people involved in improving this issue. Any average person can be a huge help in ending hunger. The article published by Rise Against Hunger written by Karen Cook, explains that it is a necessity for all individuals to engage in the issue of world hunger. According to Cook, We have to get people to care and to engage themselves and their families in a hands-on way in the fight against hunger (Cook). There are many ways to get involved and it is important to know how to volunteer. First, everyone should become informed of this global issue and how its impacting the world. A person can simply donate either a small contribution or canned goods to an organization of their choice. This contribution does not need to be big because in this case, anything can be a huge impact. A donation may be used to package and send food to other countries to feed a family or even a whole community. Second, there are many other organizations that take volunteers daily, for example, Feed My Starving Children. Feed My Starving Children is a non-profit organization that packages, distributes, and sends food to other countries around the world. Every year Feed My Starving Children produces around 1-2 million meals. A person can volunteer an hour of their time to have a fun and meaningful experience. By helping to feed those who are hungry a person can make a tangible impact in the world. It is vital for everybody to reach out to their communities and learn how they can volunteer to help change the world. Third, any person can help end hunger by being an advocate. Being an advocate for world hunger means having a voice in the fight against starvation. People can learn how to build the will to end hunger by joining other groups. The average person can join the Alliance to End Hunger group because this organization focuses on standing up for what needs to be done to end world hunger. There are many other ways to contribute to this global issue and all average individuals should put in the effort to strive for positive change. It may take a few years to accomplish, but world hunger can be stopped. To reiterate, hunger is a constant global issue that is affecting millions of people all around the world. It is surprising to know that the world creates more than enough food to go around, yet people are still going hungry. The Hunger Project among many other organizations is continuing to fight against world hunger and hopes to bring communities together to help fulfill the basic needs by having food for all to eat. There is a huge appreciation towards these organizations and for the extraordinary individuals like Mary Ellen McNish who are passionate about ending hunger. All global citizens should get involved in this matter because it is extremely important to help the world and make it a better place. Living in a world where every single human being is fed and satisfied is a world that all should want to live in. Works Cited Cook, Karen. 5 Things You Can Do in 2016 to Help End World Hunger. The Hunger Project, 29 Feb. 2016, www.thp.org/our-work/our-approach/. Holt-Gimenez, Eric, et al. We Already Grow Enough Food for 10 Billion People and Still Cant End Hunger. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, vol. 36, no. 6, 2012, pp. 595â€Å"598., doi:10.1080/10440046.2012.695331. Interview with Mary Ellen McNish, CEO The Hunger Project YouTube, uploaded by The Global Hunger Project, 29 Oct. 2010, www.youtube.com/watch?v=wFlPtqcjcOo. Know Your World: Facts About World Hunger Poverty. The Hunger Project, Nov. 2017, www.thp.org/knowledge-center/know-your-world-facts-about-hunger-poverty/. Problems of Hunger. World Food Program USA, 2018, www.wfpusa.org/wfps-work/problems-of-hunger/.

Career Resilience Essay - 1914 Words

Career Resilience Change in the workplace continues at a rapid pace, affecting careers and career development. Mergers, acquisitions, reengineering, and downsizing are influencing employment patterns and altering the career directions of many. No longer are individuals advised to think in terms of spending their entire careers in one organization. Rather, they are being led to recognize the temporary nature of all jobs and the need to prepare themselves for redefined career paths that require resilience and an ability to be self-reliant. This Digest defines the concept of career resilience, including the characteristics of individuals who are career resilient and the characteristics of organizations that support career resilience.†¦show more content†¦Thirty years later, the contract between employer and employee is a partnership. The emphasis in this new contract is on worker employability rather than job security. In this contract, employers provide the opportunities, tools, and support to help employees develop their skills and maintain their employability; the employees have the responsibility of managing their careers, taking advantage of the opportunities they are given. Thus, the employees must be career self-reliant. They must continually update their skills, looking ahead to the future and to market trends as well as to the current demands of the workplace (Collard et al. 1996). They must have a plan for enhancing their performance and long-term employability (Waterman, Waterman, and Collard 1994, p. 88). The new relationship between employee and employer is described as a contract through which individual needs and those of the organization are balanced. Characteristics of Career Resilience The message of the new employer-employee relationship is clear: The company is not responsible for the job security of its workers. Its job is to keep the company alive. Thus, workers must be responsible for themselves (Fox 1996). Koonce (1995)Show MoreRelatedAddressing Employee Stress Creates Sense1547 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween employee resilience and performance (Luthans, Avolio, Walumbwa, Li, 2005). The results are clear: many Americans have little difficulty identifying when they are stressed, but are unable to prevent their stress in the first place. Yet business functions suffer from a stressed workforce. So how can we develop workplace resilience? II. How to Develop Workplace Resilience Luthans, Vogelgesang, and Lester (2006) have identified three ways to develop workplace resilience: a risk-focused strategyRead MoreRelationship Between Burnout And Work Engagement834 Words   |  4 Pagesburnout is indeed affected by their perceived feelings of pressure to publish supporting the second hypothesis of the study. Relationship between Burnout and Resilience In regards to Emotional Exhaustion and Resilience, a significant negative relationship was found (r = -0.26, p 0.01) between the two variables. Academics scoring low on resilience showed a contrasting higher score in the Emotional Exhaustion dimension, indicating that there is a counter direct relationship between levels of resiliencyRead MoreLife During College And After College1468 Words   |  6 Pagesadulthood is an opportunity to build up resilience by coping skills, support, and planning more often (Shatkin et al., 2016). Resilience is the ability to â€Å"shake back† or in other words to recover quickly from difficulties. In addition, Resilience is known as a construct addressing how individuals interpret events in their environment (Duncan, 2013). According to Duncan (2013), Genes, family dynamics, intelligence, and other environmental factors influence resilience. Being in the college environmentRead MoreRisky Behavior : Risky Behaviors1639 Words   |  7 Page sstudents who are used to be treated as â€Å"Career bad students†. Looking beyond the stigma of troubled students, the administrative Team all agreed that one single teacher can make a world of different to a jaded student, who feels the system is out to get them. Research has consistently shown that schools and school personnel such as principals, support staff, teachers, and school counselors play a critical role in the development of educational resilience and adaptability among (K-12) students placedRead MorePreventing Ptsd And Depression And Reducing Health Care986 Words   |  4 Pages1. Vyas, K. J., Fesperman, S. F., Nebeker, B. J., Gerard, S. K., Boyd, N. D., Delaney, E. M., ... Johnston, S. L. (2016). Preventing PTSD and Depression and Reducing Health Care Costs in the Military: A Call for Building Resilience Among Service Members. Military Medicine, 181(10), 1240-1247. doi:10.7205/MILMED-D-15-005. Retrieved from EBSCO; key words: Preventing PTSD Description: This case study presents data from a Post Deployment Health Assessment (PDHA) questionnaire that completed by SoldiersRead MoreSteve Pemberton : An Overview1703 Words   |  7 Pageshe was physically and mentally abused. A Chance in the World: An Orphan Boy, A Mysterious Past, and How He Found a Place Called Home recounts Steve’s horrific childhood, the search for his family and his journey into adulthood. Steve’s remarkable resilience, faith in God and search for personal identity is the catalyst which keeps Steve from giving up hope. After years of abuse, at the hands of the Robinson family, Steve finally acquires the courage to speak out against his abusers. For a decade SteveRead MoreThe Effects Of Duty Station On The Workplace944 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstanding, which displays itself in support or opposition of programs and benefits. This can be detrimental to individual resilience when taken away because it negatively impacts spousal and therefor e marital happiness. Support of families in the military is important in order to retain and recruit service members. Families also play a large role in support and individual resilience, according to Lundquist and Xu, â€Å"Connecting to loved ones while away and anticipating a homecoming and a life togetherRead MoreCharacteristics Of Chance The Rapper749 Words   |  3 Pagesstereotypical well-known humanitarian, I think of Chance the Rapper. While he may not seem like a remarkable person to emulate due to the connotations with his career, he certainly exemplifies the qualities I would like to have. Chance the Rapper is a leader because of his qualities of generosity, problem solving, and resilience. Why is Chance the Rapper a leader? Surprisingly, after finding the time to record music, take care of his young daughter and family, Chance manages to giveRead MoreSchool Is The Natural Environment For Helping All Students859 Words   |  4 Pagesskills like optimism and resilience and social agility; but those traits were not enough by themselves to earn a student a bachelor degree.† These traits are not necessary for affluent students, but crucial skills for students without safety net (52) Students equipped with high resilience will able to bounce back from adversity; however, destructive environment can compromise this innate capacity. School is the natural environment for helping all students cultivate the resilience that resides within themRead MoreEssay On Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1268 Words   |  6 Pagesof the researchers. This experiment seems to focus more on the female gender than the male gender. Buyukgoze-Kavas, A. (2016). Predicting Career Adaptability From Positive Psychological Traits. The Career Development Quarterly; Alexandria, 64(2), 114–125. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12045 A)Adaptability in this research is from the career point of view on how adults handle the changes in the work force or how they change to fit it. B)This study was made to see if personality

Virgin Atlantic Airways Case Study Free Essays

Critically assess how the organisation has employed e-business technologies to perform its key business processes and improve service levels for its customers To begin with, the online e-business model of Virgin Atlantic Airways is a business to consumer as the Virgin Atlantic Airways sells plane tickets directly to customers without passing intermediaries. Virgin Atlantic Airways implements the e business technologies to perform its key business processes and improve service levels for its customers by improving reservation online, provide all convenient services, flight data , route, cost saving ,more flight and news update and promotion. Reservation Online System First of all, Virgin Atlantic Airways (2012) stated that the reservation online enhance booking system and increase sales. We will write a custom essay sample on Virgin Atlantic Airways Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is because it is convenient for passengers to check dates and flight. No matters where passenger live, they can reserve online and make a payment directly to Virgin Atlantic Airways through credit cards. Secondly reservation online provide all level of services. So passengers can select the service to suit their need. Virgin Atlantic Airways provide services such as economy class, premium economy class as well as upper class. Convenient. B2C or Business direct to customer is quite convenient and efficient with airline business (Kotler, 2008) . This reduces the need of sell agents as intermediary. As a result of this, Virgin Atlantic Airways can sell plane ticket at a lower price. Furthermore, e-business technology can increase foreign passengers through Virgin Atlantic Airways booking system. This is because foreign passengers can check the route , flight data and prices to compare with other airline. However, if they find Virgin Atlantic Airways suit their need more , they will book directly with Virgin Atlantic Airways. Flight Data E-business technologies make a flight data more accurate and fast due to, the system is operated by computer. To demonstrate this, if one passenger book the plane ticket the system will show the seats availability left and if one change his or her mind by cancellation the system will responds very quick. Route E-business technologies could perform its key business processes and improve service levels for passengers by showing the flight route and provide alternative route for passengers to select. Therefore, passengers have varies option to pick the most convenient route and economical route. For a long flight, sometime passengers can pick an economical flight by choosing the flight that transfer at other airport or require couples stop. This enhance customers base and flight booking system. More Flight Virgin Atlantic Airways (2012) mentioned that online system can enhance more flight. This is due to if any flight or route is popular due to high demand or season factors. The system will suggests to possibility to increase more flight . Therefore, Virgin Atlantic Airways revenue and profit will rise as Virgin Atlantic can serve more demand. Cost Saving Cost saving is one of major key success of Virgin Atlantic Airways (Kotler, 2008) . The e business online system can save the cost effectively as there is less need for sell agents and intermediary . Also, the e-business system can manage ticket price effectively as well. This is because if the fuel price and tax price change , the system will adjust the selling price of plane ticket instantly. E –business system which is a computer system require less staffs working. Therefore, the system can save hiring cost. News update and Promotion. Virgin Atlantic website shows all news and promotion update. This is a fast way to communicate directly to passengers and it is quick because the company can just update instantly. This benefits both passengers and the Virgin Atlantic company due to passengers can compare the airways promotion with other airways or decide to purchase the promotion that suit their need instantly. How to cite Virgin Atlantic Airways Case Study, Free Case study samples

Philip Glass Biography free essay sample

A thorough and in depth examination of the life, works and musical theories of composer Philip Glass. Philip Glass is the worlds finest identified living serious composer owing to vast amounts of American recording contracts. This paper pays tribute to his greatness by detailing his life and works. The paper begins with a biography of his early life, his studies and his achievements. It then explores Glass works and style focusing on a technique named minimalism. The minimalistic era was divided into three periods early, middle and later. These periods are discussed for the impact on other composers and music genres. Finally the paper presents an excerpt on a self-criticism by Glass about his work and style. Philip Glass is certainly the worlds finest identified living serious composer owing to vast amounts of American recording contracts. He has a readily exclusive, if ever controversial, style that is both imitated and parodied the world over. We will write a custom essay sample on Philip Glass Biography or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He is familiar to pop audiences, crossover audiences, new music audiences, opera audiences and increasingly to chamber music audiences and symphony goers. He is in regular performance around the world performing with his ensemble; an output that generates around sixty concerts a year. Although he has written a fair amount of concert music, Glass has arguably won the most recognition for his work in dance, film, music theater and opera.

International human resource management The WritePass Journal

International human resource management Introduction International human resource management IntroductionAdvantages of ExpatriatesExpertise and SkillsCompany Culture and Practices Passed Down EasilyDisadvantages of expatriatesHigh CostsDiscontent among LocalsAdapting to the New EnvironmentBibliographyRelated Introduction Nowadays, most companies have been expanding internationally, many positions have to be filled which range from entry level positions to those of senior management. As more companies go global, the need for the transfer of skills and knowledge becomes essential if the company is to succeed internationally. To ensure that the subsidiary’s goals, practices and strategies are in line with the parent company, it is necessary to have senior management filled by qualified individuals capable of leading the new, inexperienced team and steering it in the right direction. In addition, to ensure that the subsidiary inherits the culture and practices from the parent company, managers from the parent company might be deployed to fill senior management positions at the subsidiary. However, other positions at the subsidiary might be filled by personnel from local countries rather than the parent or host country. Personnel who do not hail from the host country are defined as expatriates. Whi le recruiting the expertise of the expatriates might be advantageous, they bring a unique set of problems which need to be dealt with to ensure their efficiency. Although there are disadvantages associated with employing expatriates, there are measures that companies can adopt to ensure that the impact of these problems would be decreased. Advantages of Expatriates Expertise and Skills Employing the expertise of expatriates can help a company accelerate the development of its subsidiary or return it to profitability. The skills that they already possess will enable the expatriates to pass on their knowledge and skills to their subordinates and train them in the relevant skills and knowledge. When expatriates are selected for foreign assignments, they have to be chosen based on their skill levels and their ability to adapt. Therefore, when they pass their knowledge and skills to the employees at the subsidiary, the company is able to expand successfully. Despite having a successful 20 year run in Japan, a subsidiary company’s business volumes had decreased, causing its profit levels to dip. HTM Corporation concluded that this situation required the use of expatriates with high levels of technical and communication skills to return the business to its profitable level (HTM Corporation, 2009). As seen in this case, the expertise of expatriates is able to help c ompanies, previously profitable without expatriates, return to those levels as they have sufficient skills. Expatriates are able to bring lot of experience to the subsidiary company because the unique experiences may enable them to help the company succeed through innovation and creativity (Radio New Zealand International, 2009). Expatriates are also able to fill vacancies when the host country nationals do not have the relevant skills or expertise (Pacific Bridge Inc, 2009). This is an alternative to providing on-the job training for the locals. Company Culture and Practices Passed Down Easily The parent company culture and relevant practices and procedures can be passed down quickly if training of the local employees is conducted by expatriates from the parent company. The ideals, vision and mission of the parent company can be demonstrated through the expatriate. If the expatriate embodies these principles of the company, the culture and practices of the parent company can be transferred to the subsidiary quickly and effectively. Disadvantages of expatriates High Costs Although Employing expatriates are beneficial to a company, it is an expensive process. Relocating an expatriate with a family which can be time consuming and costly to the company. For instance, hiring an expatriate to work in China can cost as much as five times of hiring a local. This is due to the package that the expatriate is to receive as compensation. This compensation and benefits package usually consists of a hardship allowance, housing, insurance, tax and home leave, amongst other benefits. The compensation and benefits package is usually attractive to expatriates as a form of financial advancement. This makes the move to the subsidiary company and country attractive. To ensure that it is attractive enough to entice the highly skilled and experienced personnel, the compensation and benefits package has to result in a higher standard of living or the promise of career advancement. The company has to support its high costs, while the expatriate benefits from this package. Other than the compensation and benefits that the expatriate receives, the parent company also has to invest time, money and effort into pre-departure training and incur other costs such as sending the potential expatriate on a trip to assess the location. Hence, there will be a loss of man-hours. As a result of the high costs involved, it is substantial that the expatriate is well prepared for the move. This will reduce the likelihood of expatriate failure which will incur more costs. Discontent among Locals Due to highly trained, educated and skilled expatriates joining the new subsidiary, locals might be discontented when they feel that their opportunities are being taken away. Local mid-level managers might feel that they do not have the opportunity to advance in their careers. This would encourage the talent to leave the company in order to get promote. Consequently, staff turnover might rise because of expatriates holding all the senior positions in the company. This discontent among the locals could be damaging to the subsidiary company. If the company acquires a reputation for poor career advancement opportunities, talented locals are unlikely to pursue a career in that company. Therefore, the company should utilise expatriates while it is in its initial phase but train local managers to succeed the expatriate. Adapting to the New Environment Utilising expatriates to fill key positions is a risky task because of moving an expatriate and the family requires time and effort. An expatriate with children and a working spouse might be concerned about whether the spouse and children will be able to integrate into the local environment easily. To ensure ease of integration, the expatriate must be flexible and open-minded. The company also has to prepare the expatriate for the move to the new country. Expatriates, unfamiliar with the local environment and location, require more time to adapt to their new life. As a result of this unfamiliarity, the expatriate is likely to be less efficient and productive for an initial period. With low productivity, the profits of the company might decrease. Therefore, to reduce the impact of low productivity as a result of adjusting to their new life, expatriates should receive well-structured pre-departure training, preparing them on what they are to expect in the subsidiary company and country. Also, expatriates should be hired on the basis of their ability and willingness to adapt to new environments. Alternatively, they should be allowed a period of time to settle into the new country before starting work. Bibliography HTM Corporation, (2009). Expatriates in Tokyo, Japan Outsourcing by HTM. Retrieved on 11th March 2011 from htm.co.jp/Astrategicallyusingexpacts.htm Pacific Bridge Inc., (2009). Asia – Compensation, Hiring and Retaining Employees in South East Asia. Retrieved on 11th March 2011 from pacificbridge.com/publication.asp?id=58 Pacific Bridge Inc., (2002). Asian HR eNewsletter, Retrieved on 11th March 2011 from pacificbridge.com/newslettervol.asp?vol=2no=7 Radio New Zealand International, (2009). Samoa’s Prime Minister Defends Hiring Expatriates for SamoaTel. Retrieved on 12th March 2011 from rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=readid=46480 Tripod, (n.d.). Use of Expatriates, Retrieved on 12th May 2011 from http://members.tripod.com/cometonada/HRM.htm International Human Resource Management INTRODUCTION International Human Resource Management INTRODUCTIONTHEORY OF GLOBALIZATIONCROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT AND CASTELLS THEORYWHAT IS CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT?CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENTCONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONSLIST OF REFERENCESRelated INTRODUCTION The essay will be focused on discussing the Network Society as a new type of Social Structure or Organization of the Information Age. I will be using Castell’s theory on The Information Age to explain how the Network Society affects culture, individuals, institutions and various societies around the world.I will also touch on the Power of Identity, what it entails and its connection to various individuals in the global business environment After this I will talk about cross cultural management, its challenges and how it is implied in the business environment, analyzing the impact the theory of the Information Age has on this type of management and its challenges. I will also discuss the critiques of other theorists to this Castell’s theory and conclude with the negative impact of globalization and the need for cross cultural management in organizations. First and foremost I will touch on a relevant theory of globalization that relates to the Information Age and Cross Cultural Management. THEORY OF GLOBALIZATION There are various theorists, who have given their opinions and views on the theory of globalisation. I am going to phrase a few of them and focus on only one of these theories for the purpose of this essay.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Anthony Giddens (1990: 64) the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa.  Ã¢â‚¬Å" â€Å"Globalization  refers to the compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole (R. Robertson, Globalization, 1992: 8).† Robertson sees the globalisation theory as the coming together of the world as a single entity through a set of global ideas and putting aside the distinctiveness of cultural, societal and ethnic differences to be used in the home environments and during academic discussions â€Å"From the social theory perspective, globalization involves the flows of commodities, capital, technology, ideas, forms of culture and people across national boundaries via a global networked society â€Å"(Castell’s, 1996, 1997, 1998). â€Å"The transmutations of technology and capital, work together to create a new globalized and interconnected world.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"(Castell’s, 1998) Manuel Castell is the theorist that I will be focusing on in this essay. He talks about the theory of the network society, which is an information based society where everyone and everything is connected through digital networks.   The networks are the people who control or rule the network society; they are the elites of the society who have the upper hand, are more knowledgeable and have power over the excluded individuals. â€Å"A network society is a society whose social structure is made of networks powered by microelectronics-based information and communication technologies.† (Castell’s, 1996) â€Å"The Net stands for the new organizational formations based on the pervasive use of networked communication media. Network patterns are characteristic for the most advanced economic sectors, highly competitive corporations as well as for communities and social movements. â€Å"(Castell’s, 1996) The Network Society is an emerging social society or structure whose communications rely on digital networks.   A digital network being global means that a society running on them would be a global society i.e. The Network Society is a Global Society. The Network Society came about as a result of the ever changing society which occurred due to the dramatic changes in technology which are controlled by the networks. Castell explains that although everyone is affected by this society, it doesn’t mean that everyone is included in it. People who aren’t part of it try to defend themselves from it. He cites the reason for everyone being affected by these networks as the fact that all central activities that manipulate and form human life around the world are being organised by global networks. The Network Society works on an Inclusion/Exclusion basis; this is a feature of it and while it searches for important add-ons that will benefit the network, it will also bypass any activity, territory or person that will not contribute to the goals or tasks assigned to the network. Part of Castell’s assumptions is the fact that under the network society, there is no class among individuals in our society and that the powers now lie in the hands of the networks. With the network society, there becomes a need for individuals to affirm their identity; this is known as the power of identity. People tend to search for their identities in order to give their lives a source of social meaning. This is a reaction got mostly from the individuals who have been excluded from the network society. Castell realised two types of reactions from these people. They either make up their own networks or exclude the networks from their lives. This power of identity is also known as the Self. â€Å"The Self symbolizes the activities through which people try to reaffirm their identities under the conditions of structural change and instability that go along with the organization of core social and economic activities into dynamic networks.† (Castell’s, 1996) CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT AND CASTELLS THEORY WHAT IS CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT? CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT â€Å"is a system designed to train people in the global business about the variations of cultures, practices and preferences of consumers around the globe. It poses as a challenge for companies who participate in the global market. As time passes by, the diversity in culture, practices and preferences significantly increases, and so is the need for cross-cultural management, to be able to bridge the communication gaps for every culture.â€Å"Error! Hyperlink reference not valid. Cross Cultural Management is the examination or assessment of the human behaviour from an international perspective. With cross cultural management, managers are aware of the different cultures that exist in different industries in different parts of the world.   It realises and tries to manage these different human behaviours, culture and communication issues so as to bring people together without any disputes or problems. This information age has brought about the rise of technology and the use of the internet. This network society has changed the way businesses operate; whereby almost every part of an organisation is controlled by some sort of technology. Most jobs are now done through the internet by some e-commerce organisation, which in turn reduces the number of physical labour needed. With the rise of the global society, cross cultural management is becoming more essential for global companies to be successful with their employees as well as their consumers. It is needed to tackle the challenges that any global business might face in relation to culture and human behaviour. In order to tackle some of challenges brought about by these changes in regard to culture and human behaviour cross cultural management is essential. Some Cross Cultural Challenges that could occur are:- Mixed cultures and languages brought about by globalisation The recent growth and need of the internet as a part of management and easy processing The increasing need for a knowledge worker in knowledge driven organisations The increasing need for flexible workers and jobs There are many more challenges but the network society being a global society has helped to deal with some of these problems. Due to the compression of time and space, companies find it easier to employ the people that will be relevant for the required jobs. Also with the individualisation of labour and the growing flexibility of workers, they are able to adapt and adjust to the growing temporality of jobs. Companies now have the option to choose either part time workers and pay them for the hours worked rather than employing full time workers who are expensive and are not required most of the time. Castell talks about the network society sourcing valuable add-ons that can contribute to the goals and objectives of the network to integrate into its system and excluding those it has no need for who he says make up the ‘irrelevant planet’, this feature of the network society has contribute to some modern business challenges where there is the need for knowledgeable workers. He says that the work process is a globally integrated but labour has become individualised and therefore has no class again as ultimate power goes to those that are in charge of the networks and determine what happens in it. But his theory also says that labour is divided into two; the self programmable and generic labour. The former is skilled and flexible with the ability to learn new things, processes, tasks are able to adapt to change and are knowledgeable while the latter is unskilled and can be easily exchanged or disposed of. There are many critiques towards Castell’s theoretical assumptions.   Many theorists believe that our society is still divided into classes and are against the faceless capitalism which Castell talked about. Theorists like Webster and Garnham believe that the network society is not a new type of social structure or system, and that it has been in existence over time. They argue that this network society is a gradual development of the former industrial society and is not completely a new one. They also argue that the society is still in the hands of the capitalists, as they are still the elites who have access to technology and education, and the members of this capitalist group are heading companies in the top managerial positions. The people in this positions are who Castell says are in charge of the networks so therefore the capitalists still matter in the society. It is also difficult to accept his grouping of labour, as the people in the groups do not share the same values or interests. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS However globalisation can sometimes lead to the exploitation of workers in some third world countries that offer cheap labour. Many of these workers are paid less than the normal UK or US standard of payment, making the big international companies exploit them, and some of them do not offer job security or workers rights. With this network society business do not consider the interests of their workers and are more interested in the opportunities and goals of the networks and look for people that they can integrate that will contribute to their goals. They pay less attention to cross cultural management. This is not advisable to do because in order to be successful as a global company, they need to understand the cultures and practices of the countries they move into. They need to work on integrating the local workers, consumers and culture with their own organisational culture in order to be successful in that country LIST OF REFERENCES Castells, M. (2000).The Rise of the Network Society, Second Edition. U.S.: Blackwell Publishing Castells, M. (1996, second edition, 2000).  The Rise of the  Network Society, The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture Vol. I. Cambridge, MA; Oxford, UK: Blackwell. Castells, M. (1997, second edition, 2004).  The Power of Identity, The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture Vol. II. Cambridge, MA; Oxford, UK: Blackwell. Castells, M. (1998, second edition, 2000).  End of Millennium, The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture Vol. III. Cambridge, MA; Oxford, UK: Blackwell. Webster, F. (2002). Theories of the Information Society. U.S.: Routledge Garnham, N. (2001). Contribution to a Political Economy of Mass-Communication. In M.G. Durnham D.M. Kellner (Eds.), Media and Cultural Studies (pp. 225-252). U.S.: Blackwell Publishing. Manuel Castells , ‘An Introduction to the Information age’ City 2: 7, 6-16 Castells, M. (2000). Materials for an exploratory theory of the network society.   British Journal of Sociology Vol. No. 51 Issue No. 1 (January /March 2000) pp. 5–24 Giddens, A. (1990).   The Consequences of Modernity, Cambridge and Oxford: Polity and Blackwell. Kiely, Ray, 1964–The clash of globalisations: neo-liberalism, the third way, and anti-globalisation/by Ray Kiely. p. cm. -(Historical materialism book series, ISSN 1570–1522; v. 8) R. Robertson,  Globalization  (London: Sage, 1992) The network society: a cross-cultural perspective / edited by Manuel Castells. p. cm. Castells, M. 1983. The City and the Grassroots: A Cross-cultural Theory of Urban Social Movements. Berkeley: University of California Press. http://cross-cultural-management.bestmanagementarticles.com/

Martin Luther King Jr. Writing Prompts

Martin Luther King Jr. Writing Prompts This January schools across the nation will honor a true American hero- Martin Luther King Jr. Help students expand their understanding and deepen their respect for this great leader by using these writing prompts. Who is Martin Luther King, Jr?What was his dream?The importance of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s â€Å"I have a dream† speech is†¦What are three of Dr. King’s greatest achievements?How did MLK influence people?What would you say to MLK today if you could meet him?If Martin Luther King Jr. was still alive today, he would think†¦Why do we celebrate Martin Luther King Day every January?What made his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech so historic?What do you already know about MLK? What do you want to know?Martin Luther King Jr. is inspirational because†¦What is it that we celebrate about Martin Luther King, Jr?Create a timeline of important dates in the life of Dr. King.How does your school celebrate Martin Luther King?How does your family celebrate Dr. King?Dr. Martin Luther King gave a famous speech entitled I Have a Dream.   Write about a dream you have for making the world a better place.Make a list of ten things that you can do to make the world a better place.Brainstorm a list of ways in which people differ and a list of ways in which all people are alike. Imagine that you live in a world where people are separated based on the color of their skin or the color of their hair, or their height, etc. What would it be like to live in such a world? How might it change your friendships and/or your family? How would it make you feel?Write a paragraph explaining how discrimination and prejudice impact our world today.Write a thank-you note thanking Dr. King for his efforts to make the world a better place.Would you participate in a march, a sit-in, or another form of political protest? Write about why or why not.Pretend that you had an opportunity to interview Dr. King. Write three questions that you would like to ask him.Why is there a national holiday in the United States to celebrate Martin Luther King?The message of nonviolence taught by Martin Luther King, Jr. was important because†¦What are civil rights? Why do we need them?Imagine that you have no civil rights. What would your life be like?What is the Civil Rights Act? What does civ il rights mean to you? What kind of leader would you be? Would you be a non-violent leader? Why or why not?Why is peace important in our world?Would you go to jail for something that you believe in? Why or why not?What if MLK didn’t dream of change? What would our life be like now?What is segregation? What if your school was segregated? What would it be like?Why was Martin Luther King Jr’s use of nonviolence so effective?Why is Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. so beloved by the African-American community?I can keep MLK’s dream alive by†¦I have a dream that one day my school will†¦I have a dream that one day our world will†¦When you close your eyes and think of peace what do you see?List five reasons Martin Luther King Jr. is an American hero.Write a Martin Luther Day acrostic poem using the word â€Å"DREAM.†What is your biggest dream for your life? How do you hope to accomplish this dream?